Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ulaş Solmaz

Cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment covers the evaluation and management of abnormal cell changes or cancer detected in the cervix. Diagnosis is typically supported by tools such as a Pap smear, colposcopy, and tissue biopsy. Depending on the stage of disease, treatment options may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The treatment plan is determined individually following a multidisciplinary evaluation.

Endometrial (uterine) cancer treatment addresses cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, with the approach depending on the stage and extent of the disease. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging and tissue biopsy after symptoms such as abnormal bleeding are investigated. Treatment often involves surgical removal of the uterus, with radiotherapy or chemotherapy added depending on the stage. The overall approach is planned around the patient's general health and the disease's specific features.

Ovarian cancer surgery involves the surgical removal of cancerous tissue in the ovaries and, when needed, surrounding structures. The operation plays an important role both in confirming the diagnosis and in determining the stage of the disease. Depending on how far the disease has spread, chemotherapy may be given before or after surgery. Surgical planning is individualized based on imaging and laboratory findings.

Colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows close examination of the cervix, vagina, and vulva using a magnifying instrument. It is typically performed when a Pap smear shows abnormal results, to help identify the source of the cell changes. A tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken from any area that looks suspicious during the examination. Colposcopy is a short outpatient procedure that generally does not require anaesthesia.

HPV vaccination is given to help protect against certain types of infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is linked to cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers as well as genital warts. The vaccine is administered in a number of doses that depends on the person's age and prior exposure to the virus. The decision to vaccinate is made after reviewing the individual's health history.

Laparoscopic and robotic gynecologic oncology surgery uses small incisions, a camera, and specialized instruments to treat gynecologic cancers with a minimally invasive approach. Robotic systems provide the surgeon with a three-dimensional view and precise instrument control during the operation. These techniques may be considered as an alternative to open surgery when suitable for the type and stage of disease. The choice of approach depends on the individual patient's clinical situation.